These sources collectively address the ethical and practical considerations for conducting research involving Indigenous communities, particularly in Canada and the United States. They emphasize the importance of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) and the First Nations principles of OCAP® (Ownership, Control, Access, and Possession) as fundamental to respecting Indigenous self-determination and data sovereignty. The documents outline guidelines for researchers and tribal communities on establishing review boards, conducting ethical protocol reviews, and ensuring that research minimizes harm and maximizes benefits for Indigenous populations. Furthermore, they highlight the historical context of problematic research practices and present community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods as a collaborative approach to foster trust and ensure Indigenous perspectives are central to all stages of research, including the use of previously collected data.

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