Dr. Ami Bhatt's team at the American College of Cardiology found that most FDA-approved cardiovascular AI tools sit unused within three years. The barrier isn't regulatory approval or technical accuracy. It's implementation infrastructure. Without deployment workflows, communication campaigns, and technical integration planning, even validated tools fail at scale.

Bhatt distinguishes "collaborative intelligence" from "augmented intelligence" because collaboration acknowledges that physicians must co-design algorithms, determine deployment contexts, and iterate on outputs that won't be 100% correct. Augmentation falsely suggests AI works flawlessly out of the box, setting unrealistic expectations that kill adoption when tools underperform in production.

Her risk stratification approach prioritizes low-risk patients with high population impact over complex diagnostics. Newly diagnosed hypertension patients (affecting 1 in 2 people, 60% undiagnosed) are clinically low-risk today but drive massive long-term costs if untreated. These populations deliver better ROI than edge cases but require moving from episodic hospital care to continuous monitoring infrastructure that most health systems lack.

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