In this episode, SSgt Matt Miranda sat down with Lt Gen David Barno, Ret. and Dr. Nora Bensahel, authors of Adaptation Under Fire: How Militaries Change in Wartime. In this episode, we discuss their book, the difference between adaptation and innovation, and case studies highlighting the importance of adaptability in conflict. Lt. Gen. David W. Barno, USA (Ret.) is a Visiting Professor of Strategic Studies and Senior Fellow at the Merrill Center in The Johns Hopkins University - Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington, D.C. He was the senior American commander of U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan from 2003–2005. Lt. Gen. Barno was a senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) and writes the Strategic Outpost column with Dr. Nora Bensahel. Dr. Nora Bensahel is a Visiting Professor of Strategic Studies, a Senior Fellow of the Merrill Center at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and a Contributing Editor and Columnist for War on the Rocks. She is also an Adjunct Research Staff Member at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Her work focuses on the future of warfare and military strategy and operations. She currently serves on the Executive Board of the Leadership Council for Women in National Security (LCWINS). Don't miss this fascinating conversation with two experts in the field of military strategy, adaptation, and innovation. Listen to the episode now, and check out their book for a deeper dive into the topic of adaptability in the military.