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Advanced Audio Blog S2 #23 - Top 10 Influential Czech Figures: John Hus


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----Formal ----
Janu Husovi a jeho učení se přisuzuje, že do počátku 16. století se až 90 procent obyvatel českých zemí obrátilo z katolictví na protestantství.
Narodil se v roce 1369, byl to kněz, teolog, filozof a církevní reformátor.
Považuje se za vůbec prvního reformátora, protože žil dříve než Martin Luther, John Calvin, a Huldrych Zwingli.
Jeho práci a učení velmi ovlivnil Jan Viklef, který byl prvním církevním reformátorským teoretikem.
Hus se narodil v Čechách, ve svém raném mládí odešel do Prahy a živil se církevní službou a zpěvem.
V roce 1393 získal na pražské univerzitě bakalářský titul a v roce 1396 titul mistr svobodných umění.
O čtyři roky později ho církev vysvětila na kněze, a poté byl v letech 1402 až 1403 univerzitním rektorem.
Pokusil se reformovat církev veřejným kázáním, ve kterém odsuzoval nemorálnost biskupů, duchovních a papežské vlády.
Papež Inocenc VII. tlačil na arcibiskupy, aby bránili Viklefově učení, které považoval za kacířské.
Po rozkolu západní církve zvolil koncil v Pise nového papeže Alexandra V., ale ten byl později nazván vzdoropapežem.
Hus a jeho následovníci se sjednotili pod Alexandrem V., stejně jako arcibiskup Zajíc.
Ale Zajíc se obrátil proti nim a přesvědčil Alexandra V., aby vydal papežskou bulu, aby mohl jednat proti viklefismu.
Alexander V. vyloučil Husa a jeho následovníky z církve, ačkoliv se jeho názory již šířily a byla přijímány po celých Čechách.
V roce 1412 zavedla církev odpustky. Hus a jeho následovníci to veřejně odsoudili.
Tři muži, kteří odsoudili odpustky, byli popraveni stětím a o dva roky později byl sám Hus upálen kvůli obvinění z kacířství.
----Formal English----
Jan Hus and his teachings are credited with converting 90 percent of residents in the Czech region from Catholicism to Protestantism by the early 16th century.
Born in 1369, he was a priest, theologian, philosopher, and church reformer.
In fact, he is considered to be the very first reformer because he lived before Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli.
His work and teachings were greatly influenced by those of John Wycliffe, who was the ecclesiastical Reformation’s theorist.
Hus was born in Bohemia and went to Prague while he was very young, supporting himself through church service and by singing.
He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from University of Prague in 1393 and his Master Degree in 1396.
Four years later, the church ordained him as a priest, and then he became the university’s rector between 1402 and 1403.
He attempted to reform the church by using the pulpit to publicly decry the immorality of bishops, clergymen, and the papacy.
Pope Innocent VII pushed archbishops to counter the teachings of Wycliffe, which he believed were heretical.
After the Western schism, Alexander V was elected to be Pope by the Council of Pisa, but later he was referred to as the antipope.
Hus and his followers allied under Alexander V, as did Archbishop Zajic.
But Zajic turned on them and convinced Alexander V to issue a papal bull so he could move against Wycliffism.
Alexander V excommunicated Hus and his followers, although his ideas had already spread and were accepted throughout Bohemia.
In 1412 indulgences were introduced to the church, and Hus and many others publicly condemned them.
Three men who condemned indulgences were beheaded, and two years later, Hus himself was burned at the stake on charges of heresy.
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