In this focused deep dive, we unpack the Protocol on Rules and Procedures for the Settlement of Disputes — the legal engine that ensures fairness, predictability, and accountability within the African Continental Free Trade Area.

This episode explores:

• The structure of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSB, Panels, and Appellate Body)
• The step-by-step process: consultations, adjudication, appeals, and compliance
• Core principles: neutrality, confidentiality, party autonomy, and finality
• Enforcement tools — including trade sanctions for non-compliance
• Key limitations — including the exclusion of private businesses and capacity challenges across Member States