In this second AFIO Now episode featuring Dr. Houghton - Director of the National Cryptologic Museum - he discusses his 2019 book, "The Nuclear Spies: America's Atomic Intelligence Operation Against Hitler and Stalin," which includes insights into the Alsos Mission, Gen Leslie Groves, Werner Heisenberg, Enrico Fermi, and other scientists who worked on atomic weapons. The interview also discusses the escape of that technology into Soviet or German hands and our misplaced national sense of superiority and invincibility. Recorded 30 Dec 2020. Interviewer: Jim Hughes, AFIO President and former CIA Operations Officer.