This academic article from the Strategic Management Journal investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) alters the foundations of competitive advantage by examining chess tournaments involving human players, AI engines, and human-AI teams. The authors apply a resource-based view to analyze how AI adoption leads to both the substitution of traditional human cognitive skills and the emergence of new advantages through human-AI complementarity. Their findings suggest that while AI diminishes the importance of conventional expertise, it simultaneously creates opportunities for individuals with skills in managing and augmenting AI systems to gain a competitive edge. This study contributes to strategy literature by providing an integrated perspective on how AI-driven substitution and complementation jointly reshape the sources of competitive advantage.