AlexSam appealed the dismissal of its patent infringement lawsuit against Aetna. The case centered on whether Aetna's use of Mastercard and Visa-branded products infringed AlexSam's "Multifunction Card System" patent. The Federal Circuit vacated and remanded the lower court's dismissal, finding errors in its analysis of a license agreement between AlexSam and Mastercard and in its assessment of whether Aetna's actions constituted direct infringement. The court determined the lower court incorrectly interpreted the scope of the license agreement and improperly dismissed claims regarding Aetna's use of Visa products. The appellate court held that the lower court should have taken all of AlexSam's factual allegations as true when considering the motion to dismiss and remanded the case back to the district court.