が is mainly used to express the subject, but also can be used to express the objecct.

Subject:

さとうさん　が　いきます。

Mr.Sato will go.

Object:

ハンバーガー　が　たべたいです。

I want to eat a hamburger.

を is used to express the object of action, the starting point and the passing point of movement, and so on.

Object:

ハンバーガー　を　たべます。

I will eat a hamburger

The starting point:

きょう　は　6:00　に　いえ　を　でます。

I will leave home at 6:00 today,

The passing point:

まいあさ　こうえん　を　さんぽします。

I walk in the park every morning.

に is used to express the place of the existence, time, the arrival point of action, taker of the item, the objective, and so on.

The place of the existence:

りんご　が　つくえ　の　うえ　に　あります。

There is an apple on the table.

Time:

きょう　は　6:00　に　いえ　を　でます。

I will leave home at 6:00 today.

The arrival point of action:

きょう　マクドナルド　に　いきます。

I will go to McDonald's today.

Taker of the item:

さとうさん　は　すずきさん　に　プレゼント　を　あげました。

Mr. Sato gave a present to Mr. Suzuki.

The objective:

かいもの　に　いきます。

I will go shopping.

で is used to express the place where the action or event take place, method, cause or reason, subject, and so on.

The place where the action or event take place:

きょう　こうえん　で　サッカー　を　します。

I will play soccer at the park.

Method:

まいにち　くるま　で　かいしゃ　に　いきます。

I go to the workplace by the car everyday.

Cause or reason:

きょう　かぜ　で　がっこう　を　やすみました。

I took leave from school because of cold.

Subject:

みんな　で　サッカー　を　します。

Everyone will play soccer all together.

と is used to express someone with whom doing something cooperatively, someone who are interecting with, and so on.

Someone in cooperation:

きょう　はは　と　ケーキ　を　つくります。

I will make a cake with my mother today.

Someone in interaction:

きょう　すずきさん　と　けんか　を　しました。

I had a fight with Mr. Suzuki today.

へ is used to express the direction. Mostly, へ can be replaced with に.

Direction:

きょう　マクドナルド　へ　いきます。

I will go to McDonald's today.

から is used to express the starting point of time or place, the material, and so on.

The starting point of time:

その　えいが　は　10:00　から　はじまります。

That movie will start from 10.

The starting point of place:

いま　いえ　から　しゅっぱつ　します。

I'm leaving home now.

The material:

チーズ　は　牛乳　から　つくられます。

Cheeze is made from milk.

より is used to express the comparison, the starting point, and so on.

Comparison:

にほん　より　アメリカ　のほうが　おおきいです。

The United States is bigger than Japan.

The starting point:

さくじつ　より　ゆき　が　ふりはじめました。

It started to snow since yesterday.

まで is used to express the arrival point of time or place, and so on.

The arrival point of time:

きょう　は　6:00　まで　はたらきます。

I will work until six today.

The arrival point of place:

とうきょう　まで　くるま　で　いきます。

I will go to Tokyo by the car.

Referrence:

Comparison between Two Items

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Comparison-between-Two-Items-eo3tpc