Paul’s churches were imperiled by zealous Jewish-Christians pressuring Gentile-believers to proselytize. They argued that all Abraham’s descendants were circumcised. Paul rebuts this ‘false gospel.’ He creatively applies OT Scripture, ‘turning the tables’ on his opponents. Abraham had two sons, not just one; Ishmael, Abraham’s natural son via Hagar, represents slavery. Only Isaac, Sarah’s son via God’s promise, portrays freedom. Despite their DNA, the Jewish agitators are not today’s ‘Isaac;’ they are ‘Ishmael,’ slaves under Law, destined for expulsion. Who is today’s ‘Isaac’? In the era of freedom launched by Christ, the churches expressing the Spirit’s fruit and responding to Scripture’s living voice—they are today’s ‘Isaac.’ Let’s test ourselves by these criteria; do we manifest the characteristics of ‘Isaac’ or of ‘Ishmael’?