https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10385

The provided document introduces a language-agnostic algebraic foundation for constructing knowledge graphs from diverse data sources. This formal system aims to address the current lack of a solid theoretical basis for declarative mapping languages like RML, which leads to implementation inconsistencies and hinders optimization. The paper demonstrates the algebra's utility by showing how RML can be translated into it, thereby providing a formal semantic definition for RML and enabling the proof of algebraic rewriting rules for query optimization.