ANATOMICAL POSITION:

• Standing upright

• Facing forward

• Arms at side with palms facing forward, thumbs lateral

• Bottom of foot facing backward (posterior)

Axial - head, neck, trunk (main axis of body)

Appendicular - upper and lower limbs (attached to axis)

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS:

• Superior / Cranial: Toward the head/upper part.

• Inferior / Caudal: Toward the feet/lower part.

• Anterior / Ventral: Toward the front/belly side.

• Posterior / Dorsal: Toward the back/back side (spine).

• Medial: Toward the midline of the body.

• Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.

• Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment/trunk (e.g., shoulder is proximal to elbow).

• Distal: Farther from the point of attachment/trunk (e.g., wrist is distal to elbow).

• Superficial: Closer to the body's surface (e.g., skin).

• Deep: Further from the body's surface (e.g., muscles).