In this concise and intriguing podcast, we’re introduced to emerging technologies in biomedical research that offer alternative methods, and which promote the 3Rs of animal testing: Replace, Reduce, Refine. Recent Post Grad Dr Chris Smith talks about his experiments in 3D Organotypic Modelling (manufacturing human tissue) – of both skin and gum tissue, testing their differences in wound healing. We learn about what his findings could mean for improving surgery and other wound recovery times, and hear about other technological developments, such as the Organ-on-a-chip that ‘looks like the future’ of biomedical experimentation.