Ar-Rum (Arabic: الروم‎, ’ar-rūm meaning: The Romans) is the  30th chapter of the Quran. It consists of 60 verses. The term Rûm originated in the word "Romans" and in the time of Prophet Muhammad referred to the Byzantine Greeks (Eastern Roman Empire), hence the title is sometimes also translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines"

The Surah provides information on how the cataclysmic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 looked to the Mecca Arabs, interested onlookers who were still unaware that within a single generation they themselves would enter the game of empire and defeat both Persians and Byzantines

The surah begins by noting the recent defeat of the Byzantines by the Persians in Jerusalem near the dead sea.