The provided text, an excerpt from Lehoczky Attila's chapter on "Survival in the Reality of Southern Transylvania 1940–1944" in the book "The name stays Arad!" translated into English by Gabriel Roman, focuses on the complex political and social situation in Romania, particularly the city of Arad, leading up to and during World War II. It begins by establishing the historical context of King Carol II's fascist-style dictatorship and Romania's defensive political maneuvering against German and Hungarian territorial revisionism, which culminated in the Second Vienna Arbitration of 1940. Following this dictate, which ceded northern Transylvania to Hungary, the source examines the resulting anti-Hungarian sentiment and discriminatory measures imposed on the Hungarian minority in Southern Transylvania, including severe restrictions on Hungarian-language education and press. Finally, the text describes the brief Hungarian military offensive into the region in September 1944, including the temporary occupation of Arad, and the subsequent punitive actions taken by the returning Soviet and Romanian forces against local Hungarian collaborators. Download the Romanian version of the book "The name stays Arad!" and other titles from the digital library for free here: https://www.arad.zone/biblioteca-digitala/biblioteca-digitala-copy