A comprehensive look at several animals that have evolved both biological and behavioral adaptations to survive the harsh, frigid conditions of Arctic and subarctic environments. It highlights the Arctic fox, which relies on dense, layered fur and specialized blood circulation to maintain warmth, and the willow and rock ptarmigan, which use seasonal camouflage and develop feathered feet to navigate snow and conserve heat.
Other examples include the Japanese macaque, which employs cultural adaptation by using hot springs to stay warm, and the wolverine, known for its relentless, high-risk hunting strategies that allow it to thrive in extreme conditions. The Siberian musk deer is also noted for its ability to survive on a diet largely composed of lichen during winter.
Together, these examples illustrate the diverse adaptations needed to cope with limited food, extreme cold, and high predation risk. The text also emphasizes that climate change represents a serious threat to the continued survival of these highly specialized species.
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