The Washington Irving Library

Astoria Chapter 54


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In which the partners at Astoria grapple with the troubling conduct of Mr. M’Dougal and, influenced by prevailing hardships and mistrust, resolve upon the reluctant decision to abandon the settlement within the year. A formal manifesto is drawn and dispatched, outlining their dire circumstances and setting the course for future departures and arrangements amidst a landscape fraught with uncertainty.
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The Washington Irving LibraryBy Washington Irving