On December 16th in the field of astronomy, one of the most notable events occurred in 1962. This was the day when the Mariner 2 spacecraft successfully completed the first ever flyby of another planet, Venus!

Mariner 2, launched by NASA on August 27, 1962, was a space probe designed to study Venus up close. After a journey of 109 days and about 180 million miles, the intrepid little spacecraft zipped past Venus at a distance of just 21,607 miles (34,773 kilometers) from the planet's surface.

During its brief encounter, Mariner 2 scanned the planet for a little over half an hour, collecting a wealth of data that revolutionized our understanding of Earth's "sister planet." The probe measured Venus's temperature for the first time, revealing that its surface was incredibly hot - around 900°F (482°C)! This discovery shattered the notion that Venus might harbor Earth-like conditions or even life as we know it.

Mariner 2 also confirmed that Venus has practically no magnetic field and no radiation belts. Its instruments detected a dense atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, solving another planetary mystery.

Imagine the excitement at mission control as data started streaming in from this pioneering mission! Scientists must have been on the edge of their seats, watching history unfold before their eyes. This successful flyby marked the beginning of planetary exploration and paved the way for future missions to Venus and other planets.

So, next time you look up at the evening star, remember the little Mariner 2 probe that braved the journey to our nearest planetary neighbor on this day in 1962, forever changing our view of the solar system!