In this episode of Quick Medical Review, we break down Atrial Fibrillation — the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. We cover the pathophysiology, ECG findings, classification (paroxysmal, persistent, permanent), causes using the SMITH mnemonic, rate versus rhythm control strategies, cardioversion guidelines, and anticoagulation with the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. Updated with 2024 ESC guideline changes. Essential listening for USMLE, MRCP, PLAB, and SMLE preparation.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation, AF, ECG, CHA2DS2-VASc, DOACs, cardioversion, rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation, cardiology

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