The deep dive details the research of Yoshinori Ohsumi, focusing on his Nobel Prize-winning work on autophagy. Ohsumi's research, primarily conducted using yeast, uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy, a cellular process involving the degradation and recycling of cellular components. His work identified numerous autophagy-related genes (ATG genes) and elucidated the intricate protein complexes involved in the autophagic pathway. The texts explore both the fundamental biology of autophagy and its implications for human health and disease. Finally, they also include personal anecdotes from Ohsumi, revealing his research journey and motivations.