Defensive riding is presented as a crucial shield against urban cycling hazards, particularly the common and dangerous "right hook" collision. A right hook occurs when a motor vehicle turns right across a cyclist's path while traveling in the same direction. These accidents are frequent, especially at intersections, and often result in severe injuries or fatalities due to the cyclist's vulnerability.

Defensive riding is not just about following rules but involves a proactive mindset of awareness, strategic positioning, and communication. Key strategies include:

• Strategic Lane Positioning: Riding where you are most visible and predictable is vital. This often means "taking the lane," which involves riding in or near the center of the traffic lane when the lane is too narrow to share safely or when approaching intersections. Taking the lane physically occupies the space a driver might turn into and makes the cyclist a predictable part of traffic flow. When approaching intersections, position yourself in the rightmost lane for your intended direction and never pass vehicles on the right that are slowing or stopped, as this is a leading cause of right hooks.
• Visibility: A fundamental cause of right hooks is drivers failing to see cyclists. Cyclists must actively enhance their visibility using bright front and rear lights (day and night), reflectors, and high-visibility clothing (fluorescent colors in daylight, retroreflective at night).
• Communication: Clearly making intentions known is essential. Use standardized hand signals for turns and stops, signaling early and maintaining control. Establishing eye contact with drivers, especially at intersections, is a powerful way to confirm they have seen you. Riding confidently and predictably also communicates your presence.
• Anticipation and Situational Awareness: Cultivate a "sixth sense" by constantly scanning your surroundings (ahead, sides, rear). Learn to read subtle driver cues that might indicate a turn, even without a signal. Always anticipate that other road users might not see you or might make unexpected errors.
• Speed Management: Ride at a speed that allows sufficient time to react. Control your speed at intersections; do not "barrel through". Adjust speed if a vehicle passes you and then slows, as this suggests an impending turn.

While understanding traffic laws, including right-of-way rules where cyclists proceeding straight generally have the right-of-way over right-turning vehicles, cyclists must prioritize their physical safety. Even if legally "right," the consequences of a collision are severe. Infrastructure improvements like bike boxes and protected intersections are designed to improve visibility and separate conflicting movements, supporting safer interactions, but individual defensive action remains paramount.

Ultimately, defensive cycling is a continuous process of vigilance and strategic action, empowering cyclists to navigate urban environments more safely.