This episode examines liver disease across inflammatory, obstructive, malignant, and cirrhotic spectrums. Listeners are guided through hepatic anatomy, function, and the clinical interpretation of liver dysfunction — from subtle biochemical change to end-stage failure.

The discussion integrates portal hypertension, ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatocellular carcinoma with surgical principles and thresholds for intervention. Emphasis is placed on timing — recognising when surgery can restore function and when disease has progressed beyond reversibility.

This chapter reinforces the liver’s remarkable regenerative capacity, while emphasising the narrow margins within which surgeons must act.

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