This episode explores diseases of the kidney and ureter, where pathology often progresses quietly until function is compromised. Listeners are guided through obstruction, infection, stones, trauma, and malignancy, with emphasis on anatomy, physiology, and imaging interpretation.

The discussion integrates acute and chronic presentations, highlighting when surgical intervention is urgent and when conservative management is appropriate. Renal preservation, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary decision-making are central themes.

This chapter frames renal surgery as protective and proportionate — intervening decisively while respecting long-term function.

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