Endoscopy has transformed the way surgeons diagnose, monitor, and treat gastrointestinal disease. This episode explores the principles, indications, and limitations of upper and lower GI endoscopy, framing the procedure as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

We examine patient selection, consent, preparation, and complication avoidance, alongside interpretation of findings and integration with surgical pathways. The episode also reflects on the expanding role of endoscopy in surveillance, early cancer detection, and minimally invasive intervention.

Rather than focusing solely on technique, this chapter teaches clinicians how endoscopy fits into broader decision-making — clarifying when it answers questions, and when it raises new ones.

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