An extensive theological study focusing on the doctrine of baptismal regeneration, which asserts that salvation is effected through the act of baptism. The text systematically examines the controversy, first by defining the doctrine and outlining the key elements held by traditions like the Roman Catholic and Lutheran churches, which view baptism as a sacrament that confers grace. Conversely, the study presents the opposing symbolic view held by many Protestant denominations. Furthermore, the analysis explores the biblical basis for the doctrine, citing verses such as John 3:5 and Acts 2:38, before countering with the scriptural case against regeneration, emphasizing salvation by grace through faith alone. Finally, the text surveys the historical context of the debate, including the Reformation, and summarizes the modern denominational positions.