The Supreme Court held that Congress did not clearly authorize convictions for a single act that violates both provisions. The Court applied the Blockburger presumption, which holds that Congress ordinarily does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes. Finding no clear congressional intent to overcome this presumption in the statutory text, structure, or legislative history, the Court concluded that one act violating both provisions may result in only one conviction. The Second Circuit's judgment authorizing dual convictions was reversed in part.

music for the podcast provided by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dimitry Taras