In the second part of our conversation with Professor Barry Gills from University of Helsinki and one of the founders of the Global Extractivisms and Alternatives (EXALT) initiative, we discuss local and indigenous approaches to solving problems, the issue of "externalities" in economics (a cost of producing something that is taken from external parties that did not choose to incur that cost - for example, a lithium mine might severely poison a body of water, creating knock-on effects for local people and wildlife, those costs are not factored into the cost of a lithium battery), and vulnerability and global justice as they relate to global scale extractivist practice. Finally, we explore three concepts to live by - be radical, be responsible, be restorative.

If you are interested to read more about the academic conversations we explore in this episode, please check out Globalizations, which is the journal that Prof. Gills founded and is the current editor-in-chief.