Be Smart.

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Uploaded 17-01-17

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This is the first-ever video of what we’re calling the "hermit crab caterpillar"! We’re pretty sure this strange caterpillar is a NEW SPECIES. We went to the Peruvian Amazon to see amazing things, but we never expected this :)
But that makes me wonder: What *is* a species anyway? And how do you know if you’ve found a new species?

These people helped make this episode happen:
Aaron Pomerantz https://www.instagram.com/nextgenscientist/
Daniel Couceiro: https://www.instagram.com/danicouceiro21/
Ryan St. Laurent - Florida Museum of Natural History
Dr. Andy Warren - Florida Museum of Natural History
Dr. Daniel Janzen - University of Pennsylvania

Special thanks to our hosts Rainforest Expeditions: http://www.perunature.com/

LEARN MORE:

Mayden, R. L. (1997). A hierarchy of species concepts: the denouement in the saga of the species problem. In M. F. Claridge, H. A. Dawah and M. R. Wilson (eds.), Species: The units of diversity,. Chapman and Hall. pp. 381–423.

Sutton, G., and Dickson, G. (1965). Interbreeding of the Eastern and Western Meadowlarks in Central Oklahoma. The Southwestern Naturalist, 10(4), 307-310. doi:10.2307/3669307

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Editor/animator/producer: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

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Twitter: @okaytobesmart @DrJoeHanson
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

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Uploaded 02-06-21

Here’s a thought: What IS a thought? I know it involves my brain, and my brain is made of neurons. And my brain’s neurons are listening to other neurons all over my body. But how do those neurons actually work? Maybe you’ve heard that it involves electricity, but does that mean you’ve got little zaps and lightning bolts running through your veins like Pikachu? Don’t worry, I’m here to set you straight on what a neuron is, what an action potential is, and how fast your nervous system really communicates.

Neuron spiker box from Backyard Brains (they didn’t sponsor this video in any way, but their kits are very educational!) https://backyardbrains.com/

References: https://sites.google.com/view/galvani-nerve-brain/home

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Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:

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You can learn more at https://curiositystream.com/smart
Go check out Sound Field! http://bit.ly/2HH9sG1
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Uploaded 20-03-19

More people have food allergies than ever before. Peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, eggs, and even milk… the list of possibly dangerous foods seems to get longer every day. But why do some people’s bodies have deadly reactions food? And why are food allergies on the rise? In this video we explain what food allergies really are, and what the difference is between food allergy and food intolerance. Some fellow YouTubers tell us their stories of what it’s like to live with food allergies, and we bring you the best current science on how to prevent food allergies in kids and adults. It’s a tough nut to crack. #FoodAllergy #Allergies #FoodScience

Special thanks to WheezyWaiter and Emily Graslie for sharing their food allergy stories with us!
https://www.youtube.com/user/wheezywaiter
https://www.youtube.com/user/thebrainscoop

Want to learn more about allergies? Watch this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqrnShjM4II

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REFERENCES:
Anagnostou, Katherine, and Andrew Clark. "Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy." Annual review of medicine 67 (2016): 375-385.

Sathe, S. K., Liu, C., and Zaffran, V. D. (2016). "Food allergy." Annual review of food science and technology, 7, 191-220.

Tyagi, Nidhi, et al. "Comparisons of allergenic and metazoan parasite proteins: allergy the price of immunity." PLoS computational biology 11.10 (2015): e1004546.

Willits, Erin K., et al. "Food Allergy: A Comprehensive Population-Based Cohort Study." Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 93. No. 10. Elsevier, 2018.

Wong, L., Huang, C. H., and Lee, B. W. (2016). "Shellfish and house dust mite allergies: is the link tropomyosin?." Allergy, asthma and immunology research, 8(2), 101-106.

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Uploaded 01-08-24

Have you ever looked at the front of a car and seen a face? Or an electrical outlet and seen a face? You definitely have. We all see faces everywhere we look thanks to a fun quirk of the human brain called facial pareidolia. Here's the neuroscience and psychology of how this weird brain phenomenon works!

References: https://sites.google.com/view/facial-pareidolia-references/home

0:00 Intro
1:33 What is facial pareidolia?
2:26 How your brain "sees" stuff
4:10 What is a "face" anyway?
5:29 Are we born this way?
7:08 Why recognizing faces is important, according to evolution
9:09 Dog faces, and some closing thoughts
10:05 Support us on Patreon!

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High fives to all our Brain Trust Patrons:

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Uploaded 14-07-19

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It never gets dark anymore. Not REALLY dark, anyway. Not like it used to. Light pollution is not only making it more difficult to see the night sky, but it's also affecting our health. For the past century and a half, since the dawn of electric light, we’ve been losing our connection to the night. We need artificial light for modern society, of course. The problem is, we need darkness for our health, and for the health of wildlife and ecosystems, and we’re not getting enough of it. I traveled to McDonald Observatory in far west Texas, one of the darkest places in North America, to learn what people are doing in order to preserve dark skies, and to see truly dark skies for myself (and so I could show them to you!). This video features time lapse night sky images that I’ve been collecting for the past few years, and I hope they make you feel something special. Turn out the lights, keep looking up, and don’t be afraid of the dark.
#lightpollution #darkskies #astronomy

SOURCES/MORE INFO: https://sites.google.com/view/light-pollution-sources/home

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Duh, except for the sky… and the ocean…
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Uploaded 09-01-18

Among living things, the color blue is oddly rare. Blue rocks, blue sky, blue water, sure. But blue animals? They are few and far between. And the ones that do make blue? They make it in some very strange and special ways compared to other colors. In this video, we'll look at some very cool butterflies to help us learn how living things make blue, and why this beautiful hue is so rare in nature.

SPECIAL THANKS:
Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History
Bob Robbins, Ph.D. - Curator of Lepidoptera
Juan Pablo Hurtado Padilla - Microscope Educator

Richard Prum, Ph.D. - Yale University
Vinothan Manoharan, Ph.D. - Harvard University

SOURCES:

Bagnara, J. T., Fernandez, P. J., and Fujii, R. (2007). On the blue coloration of vertebrates. Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research, 20(1), 14-26.

Cuthill, I. C., Allen, W. L., Arbuckle, K., Caspers, B., Chaplin, G., Hauber, M. E., ... and Mappes, J. (2017). The biology of color. Science, 357(6350), eaan0221.

Kinoshita, S., Yoshioka, S., and Miyazaki, J. (2008). Physics of structural colors. Reports on Progress in Physics, 71(7), 076401.

Kinoshita, S. (2008). Structural colors in the realm of nature. World Scientific.

Prum, R. O., Quinn, T., and Torres, R. H. (2006). Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural colours by coherent scattering. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209(4), 748-765.

Vukusic, P., and Sambles, J. R. (2003). Photonic structures in biology. Nature, 424(6950), 852-855.

Vukusic, P., Sambles, J. R., Lawrence, C. R., and Wootton, R. J. (1999). Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 266(1427), 1403-1411.



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It's Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Producer/editor/animator: Jordan Husmann
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM

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Uploaded 01-07-13

Dorothy went over one. LeVar Burton read to us under one. In a song, Kermit the Frog connected us to one. Even Mork's suspenders were made of them.

Our culture, and our skies, are full of rainbows, but do you know how they form? Do we all see the same rainbow? Could cyborg-enhanced mantis shrimp eyes someday see a bigger rainbow?

The answer to all these questions involves a little physics, and the number 42.

Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)

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