Beethoven is famous worldwide for his passionate music, but he also discovered a precursor to today's bone conduction technology.

How a deaf Beethoven discovered bone conduction by attaching a rod to his piano and clenching it in his teeth (Tibi Puiu, ZME Science, May 26, 2021)

What caused Beethoven's deafness? (Dr. Howard Markel, PBS, Dec 17, 2019)

Air conduction vs. bone conduction — discovering open-ear audio (BOSE, accessed Feb 4, 2026)

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*This episode was recorded in a cruise ship cabin.