Structure explains how a protein can exist. Function explains why it matters.

In this episode, Medlock Holmes follows proteins out of the abstract and into action. Having understood their architecture, we now observe how proteins bind, transport, signal, defend, and regulate. Function is revealed not as a static role, but as a relationship — between protein and ligand, protein and environment, protein and time.

Using Lehninger’s principles of molecular interaction alongside Harper’s classic exemplars such as haemoglobin and plasma proteins, this episode shows how subtle changes in structure alter affinity, specificity, and responsiveness. Oxygen binding becomes a story of cooperation and context. Immunoglobulins demonstrate recognition and precision. Transport proteins reveal selectivity under constraint.

This is also where clinical relevance sharpens. Dysfunction is no longer theoretical: altered binding curves, impaired transport, and failed recognition translate directly into disease. Medlock learns that proteins are not simply present or absent — they perform, adapt, and sometimes fail under pressure.

Function, in biochemistry, is behaviour under conditions. And behaviour leaves traces.

Key Topics Explored

* Protein–ligand interactions and specificity

* Binding affinity, cooperativity, and regulation

* Transport proteins and physiological roles

* Plasma proteins and immune recognition

* How altered protein function leads to disease

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