This document explores the RenderingNG pipeline in Chromium, focusing on the architecture and data structures that drive Blink painting and compositing. It details how layout outputs are transformed into immutable artifacts, such as paint chunks and property trees, which are then converted into cc::Layers for the compositor. A significant portion of the text is dedicated to a taxonomy of rendering failures, mapping issues like flickering, checkerboarding, and pixel seams to specific pipeline stages. The report further provides mitigation patterns and diagnostic workflows to help engineers resolve artifacts caused by shared-image races or incorrect geometry mapping. Finally, it outlines microbenchmark designs and instrumentation strategies intended to prevent performance regressions during the rendering lifecycle.