The news of large-scale attacks at Colonial Pipeline and Scripps Healthcare has brought ransomware back into the news. With lines for gas on the east coast, and Scripps' medical personnel having to resort to using paper records to track patient interaction, Mike welcomed back noted security researcher and lecturer at Boston University, Kai Bernardini to discuss the alarming trend of ransomware gangs pooling their resources to offer ransomware as a service and the present and future directions of ransomware.