Booster doses probably needed by most people, unfortunately.

https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations

https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#covidnet-hospitalizations-vaccination

US, 20.6 million so far

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html

Six months after 2nd shot

65 years and older

50–64 years with underlying medical conditions

18 – 64 years, working / living in high-risk settings

18 years and older, 2 months Johnson & Johnson/Janssen

Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel (NEJM, October 2021)

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262679v1

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255?

July 30, 2021, over 602

Third (booster) dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine was approved

60 years or older who had been fully vaccinated

August 29th, anyone over 12

At least five months previously

N = 1,144,690

2 dynamic cohorts

2 vaccines only

N = 5.2 million person days

4,439 confirmed infections

294 cases of severe covid

(based on 4.6 million person days)

2 vaccines + booster

N = 10.6 million person days

934 confirmed infections

29 cases of severe COVID-19

(based on 6.3 million person days)

(despite older demographic)

Twelve days or more after the booster dose

Increases antibody neutralization levels ~10-fold compared to after 2nd dose

11.3 fold decrease in the relative risk of confirmed infection

Efficacy among booster recipients to approximately 95%

(May have waned to 50% with time and delta variant)

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.21262423v1

19.5 fold decrease in the relative risk of severe illness

Factor reduction in reduced rate of confirmed infection in boosted versus none-boosted

In conjunction with safety reports

this study demonstrates the effectiveness of a third vaccine dose,

in both reducing transmission and severe disease,

indicates the great potential of curtailing the Delta variant resurgence by administering booster shots

Decline in immunity, UK data

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-eight-million-people-in-the-uk-receive-covid-19-booster-jabs

Protection against symptomatic disease, Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine

65%, up to 3 months after the second dose

45% 6 months after the second dose

Protection against symptomatic disease, Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine

90% up to 3 months after 2nd dose

65% 6 months after the second dose

Protection against hospitalisation, Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine

95% at 3 months

75% at 6 months

Protection against hospitalisation, Pfizer/BioNTech

99% at 3 months

90% at 6 months

Why this is important

A small change can generate a major shift in hospital admissions

A change from 95% to 90% against hospitalisation would lead to doubling of admissions in those vaccinated

Early UK booster results from Pfizer

Booster restores protection back up to

95.6% against symptomatic infection

Booster doses, Situation in UK

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-eight-million-people-in-the-uk-receive-covid-19-booster-jabs

8,115,229 boosted so far

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-vaccination/coronavirus-booster-vaccine/

Booster vaccine doses, available on the NHS

People most at risk from COVID-19,

who have had a 2nd dose of a vaccine at least 6 months ago

(after 5 months for high risk groups)

This includes:

Aged 50 and over

Frontline health / care workers

16 and over with a health condition

16 and over, carers or live with venerable people

Pregnant women in eligible groups

COVID-19 booster vaccine and flu vaccine

If you are offered both vaccines, it's safe to have them at the same time.

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