生物漫游指南

肠胃病专家怎么就成了反疫苗之父|反疫苗A面


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久违的又来更新AB面故事,特朗普上台让反疫苗的小肯尼迪担任美国卫生与公众服务部部长,而最近二十年的这场反疫苗运动,得从1998年的一篇关于麻腮风MMR三联疫苗与自闭症相关的论文开始讲起,我们这一期,就来唠一下,这个研究是怎么开展的?为什么安德鲁·韦克菲尔德会被称为“反疫苗运动之父”?他明明是个肠胃病专家,怎么就研究起疫苗与自闭症的关系了?

加听友群:bio_kiwi

新播客:3分钟科学漫游

     

时间点:

00:22 引入:小肯尼迪与反疫苗

13:55 安德鲁·韦克菲尔德的早年经历与肠胃病研究

40:17 韦克菲尔德开始转向自闭症与疫苗关联的研究

1:13:58 1998年文章发表之后,遭遇质疑、辞职但是风生水起

     

相关图片:

克罗恩病病灶中麻疹病毒的免疫组合染色:

克罗恩病病灶中电子显微镜下的麻疹病毒:

过去百年间美国每年麻疹死亡人数(蓝线)与病例数(红线)与疫苗接种时间(绿线)折线图:

1998年涉及疫苗与自闭症关系的被撤稿文章与两个主要表格:

1998年召开新闻发布会的韦克菲尔德:

1802年反对牛痘疫苗的讽刺漫画:

韦克菲尔德展示的内窥镜检查中的克罗恩病患者病灶,c图为健康人:

2002年正在演讲的韦克菲尔德:

     

涉及BGM:

George Benson - Thunder Walk

安德烈·波切利 - Con te partirò

     

相关参考资料:

布莱恩·迪尔《欺骗世界的医生:“反疫苗运动之父” 与一场跨越世纪的医学骗局》

Andrew J. Wakefield, Jenny McCarthy 《Callous Disregard: Autism and Vaccines--The Truth Behind a Tragedy-Skyhorse 》

Offit, Paul A 《Autism's false prophets: bad science, risky medicine, and the search for a cure-Columbia University Press》

维基百科相关词条

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Poland G A, Jacobson R M. The age-old struggle against the antivaccinationists[J]. New England journal of medicine, 2011, 364(2): 97-99.

Taylor B, Miller E, Farrington C P, et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association[J]. The Lancet, 1999, 353(9169): 2026-2029.

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生物漫游指南By 无奶树