In this BoardsCast episode, we take the “UMN vs LMN” framework from Part B and apply it to the four major spinal cord regions surgeons must localize instantly. Using Chapter 26 of Tobias & Johnston’s Veterinary Surgery (2nd ed), we translate the entire spinal cord into four predictable “neuro boxes.”

You’ll learn:

• The hallmark signs of each spinal cord segment
• How gait, posture, reflexes, and proprioception change with each region
• Why C6–T2 is the most confusing — and the one boards love
• How to distinguish L4–S3 LMN paresis from orthopedic weakness
• When panniculus and cutaneous trunci testing truly help
• How to localize any case quickly using a flowchart mindset

If neuro localization ever felt overwhelming, this episode breaks it down into four clean, testable, reliable categories.

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