• explain the basic energy systems available to supply ATP during exercise;

• understand lactate accumulation, metabolic acidosis, and cellular manifestations of fatigue;

• identify patterns of substrate depletion and repletion during various exercise intensities;

• describe the bioenergetic factors that limit exercise performance;

• develop training programs that demonstrate the metabolic specificity of training;

• explain the metabolic demands of and recovery from interval training, highintensity interval training, and combination training to optimize work-to-rest ratios.