Chapter 5: On the Knowledge of Perfumes, Incense, and Fine Fragrances

"Insights into Commerce" by Al-Jahiz is a comprehensive merchant's guide from the medieval Islamic world. This work methodically catalogs precious stones and jewelry, teaching readers how to identify authentic gems from fakes. The text then explores luxury textiles and garments, mapping their origins across different regions. Al-Jahiz carefully documents which nations specialized in specific exports—from silks to gemstones—while noting their key imports. The book served both as a practical reference for merchants and as a window into the period's vast trading networks.

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Chapter 5: On the Knowledge of Perfumes, Incense, and Fine Fragrances

Chapter 5: On the Knowledge of Perfumes, Incense, and Fine Fragrances