• identify and describe the acute responses of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to aerobic exercise;

• identify and describe the impact of chronic aerobic endurance training on the physiological characteristics of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, muscular, bone and connective tissue, and endocrine systems;

• recognize the interaction between aerobic endurance training and optimizing physiological responses of all body systems;

• identify and describe external factors that influence adaptations to acute and chronic aerobic exercise including altitude, sex, blood doping, and detraining; and

• recognize the causes, signs, symptoms, and effects of overtraining.