Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. His father, John Dickens, was a naval clerk who often lived beyond his means. When Charles was 11, his father was imprisoned for debt so Charles was forced to leave school and began working ten-hour days at Warren's Blacking Warehouse to help support his family. This pivotal experience left Dickens with a lifelong sympathy for the poor. After his father received an inheritance and was released from prison, Charles was able attend school again. He became a court reporter thanks to his shorthand skills but he aspired to be a writer. His first published story 'A Dinner at Poplar Walk' appeared in the Monthly Magazine in 1833. A year later he began sharing a friendship with Walter Savage Landor, one of the most prominent English writers of the time. This accelerated his development as a novelist.

In 1836, Dickens published his first novel 'The Pickwick Papers' in serialized installments which became an immediate success. This led to him writing 'Oliver Twist' (1838) and 'Nicholas Nickleby' (1839) in similar formats. They too became massive best-sellers in Victorian England. Around this time Charles married Catherine Hogarth and began editing 'Bentley's Miscellany' where he serialized his next novels: 'The Old Curiosity Shop' (1841) and 'Barnaby Rudge' (1841). He and Catherine eventually had ten children together, living in London and holidaying in Broadstairs. His family life heavily influenced themes in his stories over the years.

In 1842, Dickens traveled with his wife to America for the first time where they met with equal enthusiasm but were treated as curiosities and he became disillusioned with the new land. He wrote his critical 'American Notes' the following year based on his observations there. To avoid an expected backlash, he returned to writing novels starting with 'Martin Chuzzlewit' (1844) then promptly moved his family to Italy for a year before returning to write his legendary 'A Christmas Carol' holiday story in 1843. It met with instant financial and critical success which allowed Dickens to finally slow down a bit. He would continue revising 'A Christmas Carol' each year through 1867 adding new scenes and dialogue from his readings around London.

Dickens' lowered pace of living during 1845 allowed him time to reflect upon deeper social issues which began emerging in his next masterpieces 'Dombey and Son' about ambition and 'David Copperfield' (1850) concerning perseverance. Then Household Words, the enormously popular weekly journal which Dickens created and edited, began serializing what would be his most autobiographical novel 'Bleak House' in 1853 where he reflects upon the bureaucratic failures of Chancery law which had ensnared his youth during his father's exile to prison. About this time, Dickens befriended philanthropist Angela Burdett-Coutts and became involved with reforming social institutes including Urania Cottage for homeless women.

As Dicken

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