As the sociologist Max Weber observed, the fates of human beings are not equal. People differ in their states of health, wealth, and social status. Those who are advantaged tend to view their position as legitimate and deserving, while those who are disadvantaged are often seen as being at fault for their condition, regardless of the reason. As Weber says, “That the purely accidental causes may be ever so obvious makes no difference.” As Yale philosophy professor Jason Stanley writes in his book