This episode of the Brattleboro Words Trail Podcast was researched, written by Kevin O'Keefe and Christopher Grotke with research help from Rolf Parker. It is narrated by Kevin O'Keefe. Editing was by Alec Pombriant. Executive Producer and sound design was Lissa Weinmann. Merry-go-round music "Over the Waves Calliope" and "Texas Sunflower' are both by Martha Van Dorn, Boris Yakovleff and Eric Ramberg, from Smithsonian Folkways Records 1955 album 'Sounds of Carnival’. ‘‘Whispering’ from the 2010 Classic Carnival Circus Calyope, Volume 2 from the Carlisle Music Company was used at the end of the segment. Other circus sounds came from Tom Glazer’s 1948 recordings from Smithsonian Folkways ‘The Circus Comes to Town.’ Many thanks to the New England Center for Circus Arts first annual Vermont Circus Festival taking place in and around Brattleboro November 2 through 9, 2025. Thanks for listening, and we will see you next month on...the Brattleboro Words Trail Podcast.

For more information on Jumbo and circus in Brattleboro, see IBrattleboro story by Christopher Grotke: https://www.ibrattleboro.com/culture/history/2014/06/pt-barnum-in-brattleboro-and-jumbo-in-the-whetstone/

For more information on NECCA and the Vermont Circus Festival:  https://necenterforcircusarts.org/about/vermont-circus-festival/

Our theme music is by Ty Gibbons.Intro voice is Donna Blackney. Thanks to the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Vermont Arts Council and the hundreds of volunteers and community members who support this work.