What constitutes an act of war? Finnish research fellow Minna Ålander considers the edge cases—damaged data cables, suspicious AirBnBs, and prank phone calls—under a new label: 'hybrid warfare.' In this episode we discuss Finland's responses to an ever-evolving security environment and the motivations behind Finland and Sweden's recent decisions to join NATO.

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This episode was written, edited, and produced by Colin Gioia Connors.

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Transcript available at scandinavian.washington.edu/crossing-north-29-gray-zone/

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Theme music used with permission by Kristján Hrannar Pálsson:

open.spotify.com/album/1dDmFxNvfYVnQwq7up7rxS

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Crossing North is a production of the Department of Scandinavian Studies and the Baltic Studies Program at the University of Washington in Seattle.

scandinavian.washington.edu/crossing-north-podcast

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Support Crossing North:

Donate to the "Friends of Scandinavian Languages and Literature Fund"

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