The red-cockaded woodpecker is not actually red – except for a tiny, nearly invisible red streak on male birds at the upper border of their cheek. They’re mostly black and white. And they were one of the first federally-protected species – landing on the Endangered Species list in 1970 – three years after officials created the first list in 1967. (The Endangered Species Act had to wait until 1973.) Red-cockaded woodpeckers are still on that list more than half a century later.