The episode of Collars & Calluses responds to a listener question about Romans 11 and modern Jews, outlining three views: dispensationalism (Israel and the church as two peoples of God with ongoing special status for Jews), covenantal futurism (a future mass conversion of Jews), and a minority preterist view claiming Romans 11 was fulfilled before AD 70 with no continuing Jew/Gentile distinction. The hosts argue Romans 9–11 addresses God’s covenant faithfulness, that unbelieving Jews are not saved apart from Christ, and that Paul’s olive tree image teaches one people of God with unbelieving Jewish branches broken off and Gentiles grafted in, yet with a future large-scale Jewish conversion after the “fullness of the Gentiles.” They reject a preterist reading as historically and exegetically implausible, critique both uncritical pro-Israel dispensationalism and anti-Jew scapegoating, and urge young men to stay informed without being consumed by online algorithm-driven obsessions that distract from personal responsibility.