Compact Warfare

In March 1452, Richard, Duke of York, confronted Henry VI with an army at Dartford. His demand was action against the Duke of Somerset, the powerful royal adviser he blamed for disastrous government and military failure. But York's attempt to force a hearing ended in submission rather than victory. This episode follows England's crisis after the loss of Normandy, the rivalry between York and Somerset, and the negotiations that prevented a battle. It then traces the fragile peace through Henry's illness and York's protectorship to the bloodshed at St Albans in 1455. Discover a crucial precursor to the Wars of the Roses, when professed loyalty and armed opposition stood uneasily side by side.

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On 1 July 1097, Seljuk mounted archers attacked an isolated column of the First Crusade near Dorylaeum. Bohemond of Taranto gathered his knights, infantry and camp followers into a defensive position, but Kilij Arslan's cavalry surrounded them. With arrows falling on the camp, Bohemond sent for the rest of the crusader army. This episode follows the fall of Nicaea, the decision to divide the march, the desperate defence at Dorylaeum and the arrival of reinforcements that turned the battle.

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In July 1777, Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne led a powerful British and German army south from Canada towards Fort Ticonderoga, one of the most celebrated American strongholds of the Revolutionary War. Yet the fortress's imposing walls concealed a fatal weakness. When British engineers hauled artillery onto the commanding height of Sugar Loaf, later named Mount Defiance, Major-General Arthur St Clair faced an impossible decision: defend the position and risk losing his entire army, or abandon the fort and face accusations of cowardice and treason. This episode follows Burgoyne's advance, the struggle to defend Ticonderoga and Mount Independence, the night-time evacuation, the pursuit to Hubbardton and the consequences for the campaign that ended at Saratoga.

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The Battle of Edgehill, fought in Warwickshire on 23 October 1642, was the first major pitched battle of the English Civil War. King Charles I's Royalist army was marching towards London when it encountered the Parliamentarian forces of the Earl of Essex near Kineton. Prince Rupert's cavalry swept Parliament's horsemen from the field, but its pursuit left the Royalist infantry exposed to a determined counterattack. Amid cavalry charges, close-quarter infantry fighting and the dramatic loss and recovery of the Royal Standard, both armies suffered heavily without securing a decisive victory. This episode examines the political crisis that brought England to war, the movements that led the armies to Edgehill, the course of the battle and its consequences for the conflict that followed.

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On 1 September 1939, German forces invaded Poland from the north, west and south. Just sixteen days later, the Soviet Union attacked from the east. In this episode of Compact Warfare, we examine the diplomatic manoeuvring that left Poland exposed, the German strategy behind Fall Weiss, the defence of Westerplatte, the Battle of the Bzura, the siege of Warsaw and the brutal occupation that followed. Poland's organised military resistance was overwhelmed within weeks, but the invasion turned a regional act of aggression into the Second World War.

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On 20 September 1792, revolutionary France faced a formidable Prussian-led invasion near the village of Valmy. What followed was less a conventional battle than a prolonged artillery duel, yet its consequences were enormous. Discover how French commanders Charles Dumouriez and François Kellermann halted the coalition advance, protected Paris and helped secure the future of the French Revolution.

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In May 1097, the armies of the First Crusade reached Nicaea, the fortified capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. With towering walls, an open route across Lake Ascanius and Sultan Kilij Arslan returning with a relief army, capturing the city would require close cooperation between the crusaders and Byzantine Emperor Alexios I. In this episode of Compact Warfare, we examine the fighting outside Nicaea, the siege engines and mining operations used against its defences, the extraordinary transport of Byzantine ships overland and the disputed surrender that exposed tensions within the Christian alliance.

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For nearly six years, Allied merchant ships fought to keep Britain supplied while German U-boats attempted to sever the Atlantic lifeline. Discover how convoys, wolf packs, Enigma intelligence, escort carriers, long-range aircraft and a fierce industrial contest shaped the longest continuous campaign of the Second World War. From the early U-boat victories to Black May 1943 and the final defeat of Germany's submarine offensive, this is the story of the Battle of the Atlantic.

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On 19 April 1775, British regulars marched from Boston towards Concord with orders to seize colonial military supplies. Warned by a network of riders, including Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott, militia companies gathered across the Massachusetts countryside. The result was a series of clashes at Lexington, Concord's North Bridge and along the road back to Boston. Discover how confusion, intelligence, local resistance and a brutal fighting retreat transformed a political crisis into the opening conflict of the American Revolutionary War.

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The Battle of Edington was one of the most important turning points in early English history. In 878, Alfred the Great emerged from hiding in the Somerset marshes, gathered the fighting men of Wessex, and defeated Guthrum's Viking army. The victory did not end Viking power in England, but it saved Wessex from collapse and helped make the later creation of England possible.

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