This is a quick explanation of a phenomenon seen in animals who are considered 'conscious' beings. Essentially the difference between automatic or reflexive responses to their environment and reactions that are thought out.

This was my final project for the IAABC Foundation class "The Thinking Animal" with Instructor, Dr. Kristina Spaulding

Regularly scheduled programming on March 2nd.

This was my final project for the IAABC Foundation class "The Thinking Animal" with Instructor, Dr. Kristina Spaulding

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PHAIR Conference Coverage

New Miniseries begins Summer 2026