CyberCode Academy

Course 27 - Hacking Web Applications, Penetration Testing, CTF | Episode 2: Linux Fundamentals and Command Injection Basics


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In this lesson, you’ll learn about:
  • Linux operating system fundamentals, including its architecture and why command-line proficiency is critical for cybersecurity tasks such as vulnerability discovery and command injection testing.
  • File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) structure, understanding key root directories like /etc (configuration), /bin (essential binaries), /home (user data), and /var (logs and variable data), along with the difference between absolute vs. relative paths.
  • Core file and directory management commands, including:
    • ls (listing files, including hidden files)
    • cd (navigating directories)
    • pwd (printing the working directory)
    • cp, mv, and rm (copying, moving, and deleting files)
  • Searching and filtering techniques, using:
    • find (searching by name, type, or permissions)
    • grep (matching strings inside files)
    • locate (database-based file indexing)
  • User identity and privilege management, including:
    • whoami (current user identification)
    • su (switching users)
    • sudo (executing commands with elevated privileges)
  • Process monitoring and control, such as:
    • ps -aux (viewing active processes)
    • kill and killall (terminating processes)
    • Understanding signals like SIGTERM (15) for graceful shutdown and SIGKILL (9) for forced termination
  • Command control operators, learning how to chain and manipulate commands using:
    • ; (sequential execution)
    • && (execute if previous succeeds)
    • || (execute if previous fails)
    • | (piping output between commands)
  • Practical lab application, applying navigation, command chaining, and operator behavior to understand how improperly validated input can lead to command injection vulnerabilities in real-world systems.


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CyberCode AcademyBy CyberCode Academy