CyberCode Academy

Course 4 - Learning Linux Shell Scripting | Episode 5: Shell Scripting for Web Automation, Data Retrieval, and Parsing


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In this lesson, you’ll learn about: Tangled Web — Automating Web Interaction with Shell Scripting
This section focuses on how shell scripting and command-line tools can be used to interact with and automate web-related tasks. It explains how to retrieve, parse, send, and monitor web data using the HTTP protocol through utilities like wget, curl, and links. 🌐 Core Command-Line Utilities for Web Interaction • wget (Web Download Utility):
  • Download files and web pages with options to resume interrupted downloads (-C) and set retry limits (-t).
  • Control bandwidth usage (--limit-rate) and quotas (--quota, -Q).
  • Perform full website mirroring (--mirror, -L, -R).
  • Support authentication via --user, --password, or secure password prompts (--ask-password).
• links (Command-Line Web Browser):
  • Convert web pages into plain text by stripping HTML tags.
  • Use the -dump option to display page content and list all hyperlinks under a “References” section.
• curl (Powerful Transfer Utility):
  • Handle HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP data transfers.
  • Execute POST requests, manage cookies, and use authentication (-u).
  • Save files using remote (-O) or custom (-o) filenames.
  • Resume downloads (-C), set referrers (--referrer), and customize user agents (-A).
  • Retrieve only HTTP headers (-I, --head) to verify content without downloading full files.
⚙️ Data Processing and Automation Scripts • Parsing Website Data:
  • Extract and reformat specific information from web pages by combining links -no-list, grep, and sed.
• Image Crawler and Downloader:
  • Write scripts to extract image URLs (both absolute and relative) and automatically download them with curl.
• Web Photo Album Generator:
  • Automate photo album creation using a for loop and the ImageMagick convert utility to create thumbnails (e.g., 100 px).
  • Generate an index.html file containing image tags and layout automatically.
• Define Utility (Dictionary Script):
  • Use a dictionary API (e.g., Merriam-Webster) with curl to fetch data.
  • Apply grep, sed, and nl to extract and format word definitions.
🛠️ Website Maintenance and Interaction • Finding Broken Links:
  • Collect all URLs recursively using links -traversal and check their status codes with curl -I to find dead links.
• Tracking Changes:
  • Monitor websites for content updates by fetching new and old versions (recent.html, last.html) and comparing them with diff.
• Posting Data to Web Pages:
  • Automate form submissions (like logins) using POST requests.
  • Send variable=value pairs with curl -d or wget --post-data and process the response.
In summary:
This section teaches how to automate web-related tasks such as downloading, parsing, monitoring, and submitting data directly from the command line—eliminating the need for manual browsing.
Analogy:

Learning this module is like programming a set of digital “bots” — each tool (curl, wget, links) acts as a specialized agent that collects, filters, and interacts with online data to create fully automated web workflows.











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CyberCode AcademyBy CyberCode Academy