Core Questions

1. List risk factors for constipation .
2. List 10 causes of constipation (Box 29.1).
3. Describe an approach to the history and physical exam of the constipated patient. 
4. What ancillary testing should and should not be ordered in constipation? 
5. Describe an approach to management of constipation in the ED (figure 29.1) .
6. Describe 5 classes of laxative agents.
7. List the lifestyle changes that constipation patients should be counselled about.  

Wisecracks

1. List 5 medications that can cause constipation. 
2. What agents can be considered in refractory opioid-induced constipation? 
3. Describe the mechanism of action of PEG 3350. 
4. Describe the mechanism of overflow incontinence.