Core Questions: 

 

1. Define “massive hemoptysis”.
2. Which vessels, when injured, are typically associated with small and massive hemoptysis, and how do the vessel characteristics influence the degree of bleeding?
3. Outline an approach to the history and physical examination for a patient presenting with hemoptysis.
4. Outline the differential diagnosis for hemoptysis and highlight five critical and five emergent diagnoses that cause hemoptysis. (Box 21.1 and 21.2)
5. What ancillary tests are warranted in the patient with hemoptysis?
6. Detail the utility of imaging studies in patients with hemoptysis.
7. Detail the diagnostic approach to the patient with hemoptysis. (Figure 21.1)
8. Outline an approach to managing the patient with hemoptysis. (Figure 21.2)
9. What two maneuvers can be used to address massive hemoptysis from a suspected tracheo-innominate fistula (TIF)?
10. What strategies can be used to improve oxygenation in the patient with massive hemoptysis?

Wisecracks: 

1. List one gynecologic cause of hemoptysis.
2. List five causes of massive hemoptysis.
3. What is the most lethal consequence of massive hemoptysis?